Irina
Irina
Professional commercial pilot who needs to be reskilled into a single pilot onboard
Reskilling
Role
Pilot
Irina's Persona was developed to represent the profile of a professional pilot, who has to be reskilled into a single pilot onboard. Irina was imagined as an experienced captain of a major airline. Thus, she has been trained and has built her experience on flying an aircraft with a multiple crew. She is used to discuss all the important decisions with the other flight crew members and to cross-check all the actions required by the procedures and the checklists. Her training needs are expected to deal with knowledge of automated systems, both general (e.g., risks of complacency, over-reliance on automation) and specific (e.g., new automated systems related to the single pilot aircraft). She will need to be trained on having a good situation awareness and specifically on monitoring her self-situation awareness. Indeed, safety will rely even more strongly on her self-knowledge of her mental state and her level of situational awareness. Finally, communication skills will also need to be trained as she will be likely to have to communicate efficiently with the ground pilot.
Information
Age: 47
Education/ Expertise: Airline transport pilot licence (ATPL) 15 years of experience
She is qualified on A320 as first officer and as captain Location: Paris
Tasks
- Flight plan preparation based on aircraft performance, altitude and weather
- Pre-flight aircraft check
- Flight path control during flight
- Task allocation between Pilot Flying and Pilot Monitoring
- Flight plan readjustment when necessary
- Communication with air traffic controllers
- Aircraft systems management
- Accomplishments of procedures and check lists during each phase of flight
- Briefings management before each critical phase of the flight
- Flight crew and cabin crew management
- Emergency management
Main challenges in the workplace
- Change of aircraft type into Airbus, which is far more powerful and complex than the one she is currently flying
- Working alone in the cockpit, without the support of the first officer
- New CRM principles
- Increased automation support to decision making and action implementation
- Increase of monitoring tasks
- Decrease of flying tasks
- Increased amount of alarms and aural/ visual notifications by the aircraft systems
- Additional communication tasks (with ground pilot and/or automated systems)
Roles and responsibilities
- Safe and efficient flight management as final decision marker and single responsible
- Monitoring and management of multiple systems and communications in parallel
Skills competences and study pathway
Study Pathway
The study pathway developed for Irina describes the formal training, knowledge skills and competencies that a Professional commercial pilot who needs to be reskilled into a single pilot onboard needs to acquire.
Expected key behavioural skills and competences
Being a professional commercial pilot who needs to be reskilled into a single pilot onboard requires also a set of new and additional behavioural competences and skills to perform successfully in the context of single pilot's operations. Each competence below includes a short definition, the key behavioural markers and theoretical knowledge associated. The behavioural markers are examples of observable actions and skills that one might demonstrate with these competences.
Communication
Definition
The ability to demonstrate effective oral, non-verbal and written communications, in normal and non-normal situations.
Knowledge (Knows/aware of / familiar with)
- Theoretical knowledge on communication with remote operators
- Importance of context sharing
Behavioural markers (being able to)
- Ensure the recipient is ready and able to receive the information
- Select appropriately what, when, how and with whom to communicate
- Convey messages clearly, accurately and concisely
- Confirm that the recipient correctly understands important Information
- Listen actively and demonstrate understanding when receiving Information
- Ask relevant and effective questions
- Adhere to standard radiotelephone phraseology and procedures
- Accurately read and interpret required company and flight documentation
- Accurately read, interpret, construct and respond to data link messages in English
Problem solving and decision making
Definition
The ability to accurately identify risks, resolve problems and select the appropriate decision- making processes.
Knowledge (Knows/aware of / familiar with)
- Theoretical models of decision making in complex situations (e.g., naturalistic decision making)
- Consequences of workload, stress and fatigue on quality of decisions
Behavioural markers (being able to)
- Seek accurate and adequate information from appropriate sources
- Identify and verify what and why things have gone wrong
- Employ proper problem-solving strategies
- Persevere in working through problems without reducing safety
- Use appropriate and timely decision-making processes
- Set priorities appropriately
- Identify and consider options effectively
Situational awareness
Definition
The ability to perceive and comprehend all of the relevant information available and anticipate what could happen that may affect the operation.
Knowledge (Knows/aware of / familiar with)
- Theoretical model of situation awareness
- Factors affecting situation awareness: workload, stress...
Behavioural markers (being able to)
- Manage his/her activity and select adequate options (search of missing information or diverting to fall back decision)
Workload management
Definition
The ability to manage available resources efficiently to prioritise and perform tasks in a timely manner under all circumstances.
Knowledge (Knows/aware of / familiar with)
- Aviation psychology (human overload and underload, fatigue and stress
- Threat and error management
- Time management / planning
- Multi-tasking strategies
Behavioural markers (being able to)
- Maintain self-control in all situations
- Plan, prioritise and schedule tasks effectively
- Manage time efficiently when carrying out tasks
- Offer and accept assistance and ask for help early
- Review, monitor and cross-check actions conscientiously
- Verify that tasks are completed to the expected outcome management, etc.)
- Manage and recover from interruptions, distractions, variations and failures effectively
- Perform all of the above for one or more aircraft with a single on-board pilot
